Water at the foundation
HUD sets out two mechanisms. Moving water leaches fine particles from under the footing, cutting the soil’s cohesion and bringing settlement, and standing water presses on walls and slabs hard enough to crack or shift them. For that reason drainage is checked before piers or crack work are proposed.
The University of Minnesota guide lists the usual faults: ground that does not fall away from the house, weak gutters and downspouts, and underground drains that are missing or failing. It is written for a colder climate, though these faults are not peculiar to cold places.
What an old footing drain may be doing
An old footing drain may have silted up, or the house may never have had one; HUD cautions that existing drains may be undersized or not working. Ask the Renton permit center what the building code requires for a footing drain at your address.
A crawlspace raises a separate question. Its moisture, in Building America’s ranking for vented ones, comes mainly from bulk water: grading that sheds toward the house, no perimeter drain, gutters that spill. A plastic ground cover does not cure that on its own.
Drain lines in a hazard area
Renton’s critical areas code exempts installing new storm drainage lines in a geologic hazard area only when a geotechnical report clearly shows the installation meets the code’s criteria. The code speaks of storm drainage lines; for a lot on a slope, ask the permit center whether a private footing drain falls under it before anyone digs.
What Renton lots and rules add
Renton’s critical areas code groups steep slopes, landslide, erosion and seismic hazards, and coal mine hazards, as geologically hazardous areas, and the same code calls for geotechnical studies by licensed professionals when a hazard is on or near a lot that needs a development permit. Reports are also called for near medium coal mine hazard areas. Check your address before planning a trench.
Renton also has permit rules for retaining walls, so ask the permit center if a wall stands beside the drainage work.
Drainage seldom ends the story if corners have sunk or damp has weakened the floor wood. Corners are the business of foundation settlement and piering, and floor wood the business of crawlspace post and beam repair; Renton Foundation Repair lists its other work on the Renton Foundation Repair home page.